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Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
A
Accurate - A piece of equipment is "accurate" when its performance or value-that is, its indications, its deliveries, its recorded representations, or its capacity or actual value, etc., as determined by tests made with suitable standards-conforms to the standard within the applicable tolerances and other performance requirements. Equipment that fails so to conform is "inaccurate." (Also see "correct.")[1.10]
Accelerators - Speeds up the cure rate of concrete. Calcium Chloride was most commonly used in the past but is obsolete today. New synthetics give much more balanced acceleration and do not affect strength.
Air Entrained- Concrete that contains tiny air bubbles, chemically induced. 5 % to 7 % are common amounts and assist in combating freezing and cracking.
analog or digital recorder. An element used with a belt-conveyor scale that continuously records the rate-of-flow of bulk material over the scale (formerly referred to as a chart recorder).[2.21]
(Amended 1989)
analog type. A system of indication or recording in which values are presented as a series of graduations in combination with an indicator, or in which the most sensitive element of an indicating system moves continuously during the operation of the device.[1.10]
animal scale. A scale designed for weighing single heads of livestock.[2.20]
(Amended 1987)
approval seal. A label, tag, stamped or etched impression, or the like, indicating official approval of a device. (Also see "security seal.")[1.10]
ASTM - American society for Testing and Materials. This is the regulatory body that sets and regulates the standards for reinforcing steel.
audit trail. An electronic count and/or information record of the changes to the values of the calibration or configuration parameters of a device. [1.10, 2.20, 2.21, 2.24, 3.30, 3.37, 5.56(a)]
(Added 1993)
automatic zero-setting mechanism. Automatic means provided to maintain zero balance indication without the intervention of an operator.[2.20]
automatic-indicating scale. One on which the weights of applied loads of various magnitudes are automatically indicated throughout all or a portion of the weighing range of the scale. (A scale that automatically weighs out commodity in predetermined drafts, such as an automatic hopper scale, a packaging scale, and the like, is not an "automatic-indicating" scale.)[2.20. 2.22]
auxiliary indicator. Any indicator other than the master weight totalizer that indicates the weight of material determined by the scale.[2.21]
axle-load scale. A scale permanently installed in a fixed location, having a load-receiving element specially adapted to determine the combined load of all wheels (1) on a single axle or (2) on a tandem axle of a highway vehicle.[2.20]
B
badge. A metal plate affixed to the meter by the manufacturer showing the manufacturer's name, serial number and model number of the meter, and its rated capacity.[3.33]
balance, zero-load. See "zero-load balance."[2.20]
balance indicator. A combination of elements, one or both of which will oscillate with respect to the other, for indicating the balance condition of a nonautomatic indicating scale. The combination may consist of two indicating edges, lines, or points, or a single edge, line, or point and a graduated scale.[2.20]
balancing mechanism. A mechanism (including a balance ball) that is designed for adjusting a scale to an accurate zero-load balance condition.[2.20]
basic tolerances. Basic tolerances are those tolerances on underregistration and on overregistration, or in excess and in deficiency, that are established by a particular code for a particular device under all normal tests, whether maintenance or acceptance. Basic tolerances include minimum tolerance values when these are specified. Special tolerances, identified as such and pertaining to special tests, are not basic tolerances.[1.10]
beam scale. One on which the weights of loads of various magnitudes are indicated solely by means of one or more weighbeam bars either alone or in combination with counterpoise weights.[2.20]
beam. See "weighbeam."[2.20]
Benchmark - Reference point that other elevations are measured from on the job site. This elevation is usually given in feet and tenth's.
Broom Finish - A broom finish is the normal type of finish for scale decks and approaches. It provides a textured finish that is suitable for good vehicle traction.
built-for-purpose device. Any main device or element which was manufactured with the intent that it be used as, or part of, a weighing or measuring device or system. [1.10]
(Added 2003)
C
calibration parameter. Any adjustable parameter that can affect measurement or performance accuracy and, due to its nature, needs to be updated on an ongoing basis to maintain device accuracy, e.g., span adjustments, linearization factors, and coarse zero adjustments.[2.20, 2.21, 2.24, 3.30, 3.37, 5.56(a)]
(Added 1993)
chart recorder. See analog or digital recorder.
(Amended 1989)
clear interval between graduations. The distance between adjacent edges of successive graduations in a series of graduations. If the graduations are "staggered," the interval shall be measured, if necessary, between a graduation and an extension of the adjacent graduation. (Also see "minimum clear interval.")[1.10]
cleared. A taximeter is "cleared" when it is inoperative with respect to all fare indication, when no indication of fare or extras is shown and when all parts are in those positions in which they are designed to be when the vehicle on which the taximeter is installed is not engaged by a passenger.[5.54]
Coping and Imbeds - The coping is angle iron that is secured to the inside edge of the pit wall. This protects the edge of pit wall and makes it suitable for vehicle traffic. Imbeds are any objects that are preset in the foundation prior to concrete placement.
Compaction - This relates to the density or tightness of the material. Most commercial projects require a compaction of 95%.
concave curve. A change in the angle of inclination of a belt conveyor where the center of the curve is above the conveyor.[2.21]
concentrated load capacity (CLC) (also referred to as Dual Tandem Axle Capacity (DTAC). A capacity rating of a vehicle or axle-load scale, specified by the manufacturer, defining the maximum load applied by a group of two axles with a centerline spaced 4 feet apart and an axle width of 8 feet for which the weighbridge is designed. The concentrated load capacity rating is for both test and use.[2.20]
(Added 1988) (Amended 1991, 1994, and 2003)
Concrete Pumps - Two basic types are Line pumps and Boom pumps. Line pumps are used for smaller wall, slab, or footing pours. This requires extra labor to assist in moving pump lines while placing concrete. Boom pumps are used on small to very large pours. Boom pumps can pump concrete at very high rates, and place it over 180' from the set up point. Placement requires one operator and is exact.
Concrete Strength or P.S.I - Pounds per Square Inch. This refers to the compressive strength of concrete. The higher the compression strength, the stronger the concrete will be. 4,000 PSI concrete is richer and stronger than 3,000 PSI concrete.
correct. A piece of equipment is "correct" when, in addition to being accurate, it meets all applicable specification requirements. Equipment that fails to meet any of the requirements for correct equipment is "incorrect." (Also see "accurate.")[1.10]
counterbalance weight(s). One intended for application near the butt of a weighbeam for zero-load balancing purposes.[2.20]
counterpoise weight(s). A slotted or "hanger" weight intended for application near the tip of the weighbeam of a scale having a multiple greater than 1.[2.20]
cryogenic liquids. Fluids whose normal boiling point is below 120 kelvin (-243 °F).[3.34]
Cure Time - Concrete gets stronger as it cures. Curing is the movement of water out of the concrete. This is called hydration and as concrete hydrates (cures) it becomes stronger. In 7 days concrete reaches about 75% of it design strength and in 28 days about 100%.
D
d, value scale division. See "scale division, value of (d)." [2.20, 2.22]
decreasing-load test. A test for automatic-indicating scales only, wherein the performance of the scale is tested as the load is reduced.[2.20, 2.22]
(Amended 1987)
Deformed Rebar - Rebar is deformed for one reason, so it bonds and adheres to the concrete. This give the concrete both tension and compressive strength.
direct sale. A sale in which both parties in the transaction are present when the quantity is being determined. An unattended automated or customer-operated weighing or measuring system is considered to represent the device/business owner in transactions involving an unattended device.[1.10] (Amended 1993)
dry-hose type. A type of device in which it is intended that the discharge hose be completely drained following the mechanical operations involved in each delivery. (See "dry hose.") [3.30, 3.31, 3.34, 3.35]
E
e, value of verification scale division. See "verification scale division, value of (e)." [2.20]
Elevations - Tenth's & Inches - Most elevations are marked in 10th's. It is important to know how to convert 10th's to inches. Formula is tenth's X 12 = number of inches. Example 5 tenth's, or .5 X 12 = 6, or 6 inches. Example, 1 foot and 75 tenth's (which is 1.75 feet) X 12 = 21 inches = 1' 9".
emin (minimum verification scale division). The smallest scale division for which a weighing element complies with the applicable requirements.[2.20, 2.21, 2.24]
(Added 1997)
event logger. A form of audit trail containing a series of records where each record contains the number from the event counter corresponding to the change to a sealable parameter, the identification of the parameter that was changed, the time and date when the parameter was changed, and the new value of the parameter.[2.20, 2.21, 3.30, 3.37, 5.54, 5.56(a), 5.56(b), 5.57]
(Added 1993)
excess and deficiency. When an instrument or device is of such a character that it has a value of its own that can be determined, its error is said to be "in excess" or "in deficiency," depending upon whether its actual value is, respectively, greater or less than its nominal value. (See "nominal.") Examples of instruments having errors "in excess" are: a linear measure that is too long; a liquid measure that is too large; and a weight that is "heavy." Examples of instruments having errors "in deficiency" are: a lubricating-oil bottle that is too small; a vehicle tank compartment that is too small; and a weight that is "light."[1.10]
F
Fibers - Added to concrete they aid in reducing surface and stress cracks. Commonly used on most scale decks, and sometimes on slabs, and walls.
G
Grades - Rebar is primarily specified as grade 60 or grade 40. The difference is tensile strength. Both are the same price. In addition grade 40 is the most popular and most available. Grade 60 is generally required on most commercial jobs. Both grade 40 and 60 can be cut and bent in the field but neither can be welded. Welding requires a special rebar which is grade 706.
graduated interval. The distance from the center of one graduation to the center of the next graduation in a series of graduations. (Also see "value of minimum graduated interval.")[1.10]
graduation. A defining line, or one of the lines defining the subdivisions of a graduated series. The term includes such special forms as raised or indented or scored reference "lines" and special characters such as dots. (Also see "main graduation" and "subordinate graduation.")[1.10]
Gray Conduit - The most popular method of protecting electrical lines. This plastic conduit is usually used underground and comes in three grades: schedule 40, schedule 80, and sometimes schedule 20 (a light weight conduit available in 20' lengths).
I
increment. The value of the smallest change in value that can be indicated or recorded by a digital device in normal operation.[1.10]
indicating element. An element incorporated in a weighing or measuring device by means of which its performance relative to quantity or money value is "read" from the device itself as, for example, an index-and-graduated-scale combination, a weighbeam-and-poise combination, a digital indicator, and the like. (Also see "primary indicating or recording element.")[1.10]
initial zero-setting mechanism. Automatic means provided to set the indication to zero at the time the instrument is switched on and before it is ready for use.[2.20]
(Added 1990)
K
Key way - This is a cut out on the edge of a slab, wall, or footing that allows the next pour to overlap against the previous pour. Rebar is generally stubbed out to tie the two pours together.
L
Ledger - On single sided walls a ledger is hung to form the outside of the wall. It is nailed to vertical stakes the same elevation as the pit coping and spaced off of the inside panel to the proper wall thickness. Ledgers are generally made with 2x4 or 2x6 unless the foundation is out of grade an
excessive amount.
livestock scale. A scale equipped with stock racks and gates and adapted to weighing livestock standing on the scale platform.[2.20]
(Amended 1989)
load-receiving element. That element of a scale that is designed to receive the load to be weighed; for example, platform, deck, rail, hopper, platter, plate, scoop.[2.20, 2.21, 2.23]
load cell. A device, whether electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic, that produces a signal (change in output) proportional to the load applied.[2.20, 2.21, 2.23]
M
main-weighbeam elements. The combination of a main bar and its fractional bar, or a main bar alone if no fractional bar is associated with it.[2.20]
main bar. A principal weighbeam bar, usually of relatively large capacity as compared with other bars of the same weighbeam. (On an automatic-indicating scale equipped with a weighbeam, the main weighbeam bar is frequently called the "capacity bar.")[2.20]
manual zero-setting mechanism. Nonautomatic means provided to attain a zero balance indication by the direct operation of a control.[2.20]
manufactured device. Any commercial weighing or measuring device shipped as new from the original equipment manufacturer.[1.10]
(Amended 2001)
maximum capacity. The largest load that may be accurately weighed.[2.20, 2.24]
(Added 1999)
metrological integrity (of a device). The design, features, operation, installation, or use of a device that facilitates (1) the accuracy and validity of a measurement or transaction, (2) compliance of the device with weights and measures requirements, or (3) the suitability of the device for a given application.[1.10, 2.20]
(Added 1993)
minimum capacity. The smallest load that may be accurately weighed. The weighing results may be subject to excessive error if used below this value.[2.20, 2.24]
(Added 1999)
minimum tolerance. Minimum tolerances are the smallest tolerance values that can be applied to a scale. Minimum tolerances are determined on the basis of the value of the minimum graduated interval or the nominal or reading face capacity of the scale. (See also definition for basic tolerances.)[2.20, 2.22, 2.24]
multiple of a scale. In general, the multiplying power of the entire system of levers or other basic weighing elements. (On a beam scale, the multiple of the scale is the number of pounds on the load-receiving element that will be counterpoised by 1 pound applied to the tip pivot of the weighbeam.)[2.20]
multiple range scale. A scale having two or more weighing ranges with different maximum capacities and different scale intervals for the same load receptor, each range extending from zero to its maximum capacity.[2.20]
(Added 1995)
N
nmax (maximum number of scale divisions). The maximum number of scale divisions for which a main element or load cell complies with the applicable requirements. The maximum number of scale divisions permitted for an installation is limited to the lowest nmax marked on the scale indicating element, weighing element, or load cell.[2.20, 2.21, 2.24]
(Added 1997)
nominal capacity. The nominal capacity of a scale is (a) the largest weight indication that can be obtained by the use of all of the reading or recording elements in combination, including the amount represented by any removable weights furnished or ordinarily furnished with the scale, but excluding the amount represented by any extra removable weights not ordinarily furnished with the scale, and excluding also the capacity of any auxiliary weighing attachment not contemplated by the original design of the scale, and excluding any fractional bar with a capacity less than 2-1/2 % of the sum of the capacities of the remaining reading elements, or (b) the capacity marked on the scale by the manufacturer, whichever is less. (Also see "nominal capacity, batching scale"; "nominal capacity, hopper scale.")[2.20]
nominal. Refers to "intended" or "named" or "stated," as opposed to "actual." For example, the "nominal" value of something is the value that it is supposed or intended to have, the value that it is claimed or stated to have, or the value by which it is commonly known. Thus, "1-pound weight," "1-gallon measure," "1-yard indication," and "500-pound scale" are statements of nominal values; corresponding actual values may be greater or lesser. (See nominal capacity of a scale)[1.10]
nonretroactive. "Nonretroactive" requirements are enforceable after the effective date for:
1. devices manufactured within a State after the effective date;
2. both new and used devices brought into a State after the effective date; and
3. devices used in noncommercial applications which are placed into commercial use after the effective date.
nose-iron. A slide-mounted, manually-adjustable pivot assembly for changing the multiple of a lever.[2.20]
O
over-and-under indicator. An automatic-indicating element incorporated in or attached to a scale and comprising an indicator and a graduated scale with a central or intermediate "zero" graduation and a limited range of weight graduations on either side of the zero graduation, for indicating weights greater than and less than the predetermined values for which other elements of the scale may be set. (A scale having an over-and-under indicator is classed as an automatic-indicating scale.)[2.20]
overregistration and underregistration. When an instrument or device is of such a character that it indicates or records values as a result of its operation, its error is said to be in the direction of overregistration or underregistration, depending upon whether the indications are, respectively, greater or less than they should be. Examples of devices having errors of "overregistration" are: a fabric-measuring device that indicates more than the true length of material passed through it; and a liquid-measuring device that indicates more than the true amount of the liquid delivered by the device. Examples of devices having errors of "underregistration" are: a meter that indicates less than the true amount of product that it delivers; and a weighing scale that indicates or records less than the true weight of the applied load.[1.10]
P
performance requirements. Performance requirements include all tolerance requirements and, in the case of nonautomatic-indicating scales, sensitivity requirements (SR). (See definitions for "tolerance" and "sensitivity requirement.")[1.10]
point-of-sale system. An assembly of elements including a weighing or measuring element, an indicating element, and a recording element (and may also be equipped with a "scanner") used to complete a direct sales transaction.[2.20, 3.30, 3.32, 3.37]
(Added 1986) (Amended 1997)
poise. A movable weight mounted upon or suspended from a weighbeam bar and used in combination with graduations, and frequently with notches, on the bar to indicate weight values. (A suspended poise is commonly called a "hanging poise.")[2.20]
primary indicating or recording elements. The term "primary" is applied to those principal indicating (visual) elements and recording elements that are designed to, or may, be used by the operator in the normal commercial use of a device. The term "primary" is applied to any element or elements that may be the determining factor in arriving at the sale representation when the device is used commercially. (Examples of primary elements are the visual indicators for meters or scales not equipped with ticket printers or other recording elements and both the visual indicators and the ticket printers or other recording elements for meters or scales so equipped.) The term "primary" is not applied to such auxiliary elements as, for example, the totalizing register or predetermined-stop mechanism on a meter or the means for producing a running record of successive weighing operations, these elements being supplementary to those that are the determining factors in sales representations of individual deliveries or weights. (See "indicating element" and "recording element.")[1.10]
Pull Boxes - These are used where wires are required to be pulled long distances. Pull boxes are intermediate areas wires are pulled to in route to a final destination. The frequency of pull boxes is dictated by a number of things such as; length of pull, number of conduits, number of wires in each conduit, and number of 45 degree and 90 degree sweeps that must be negotiated.
Pull Strings - These should be placed in all conduits. If pull strings are not in place a Mouse may be used to install them. The mouse is made of foam and has an eyelet fastened to it where the string is attached. A vacuum is then used to suck the mouse through the conduit setting the pull string in place. For distances 100' and less a fish tape can be used to pull wires if pull strings are not in place.
R
"r" factor. A computation for determining the suitability of a vehicle scale for weighing vehicles with varying axle configurations. The factor was derived by dividing the weights in FHWA Federal Highway Bridge Gross Weight Table B by 34 000 lbs. (The resultant factors contained in Table UR.3.2.1.)[2.20]
radio frequency interference (RFI). Radio frequency interference is a type of electrical disturbance that, when introduced into electronic and electrical circuits, may cause deviations from the normally expected performance.[1.10]
ranges, weight. See "weight ranges."[2.20]
rated scale capacity. That value representing the weight that can be delivered by the device in one hour.[2.21]
rated capacity. The rate of flow in cubic meters per hour of a hydrocarbon gas vapor-measuring device as recommended by the manufacturer. This rate of flow should cause a pressure drop across the meter not exceeding 1/2-inch water column.[3.33]
Rebar Mat - Simply means that rebar is tied in a mat with bars being placed 90 degrees to each other. Spacing is usually called out as O.C. (on center) or Each Way. Example, #4 Bars 6" O.C., would be 1/2" rebar placed in line 6" O.C., or 6" apart. Each Way means rebar tied in each direction at a specific spacing. Example - # 4 Bar 6" each way, or 1/2" rebar tied on 6" centers, each way.
recording element. An element incorporated in a weighing or measuring device by means of which its performance relative to quantity or money value is permanently recorded on a tape, ticket, card, or the like, in the form of a printed, stamped, punched, or perforated representation.[1.10, 2.21]
recording scale. One on which the weights of applied loads may be permanently recorded on a tape, ticket, card, or the like in the form of a printed, stamped, punched, or perforated representation.[2.20]
reference weight car. A railroad car weighed on a scale for temporary use as a mass standard over a short period of time (typically, the time required to test one scale) as part of a test train.
Note: A test weight car that is representative of the types of cars typically weighed on the scale under test may be used wherever reference weight cars are specified.[2.20]
(Added 1991)
Reinforced Concrete - This is simply concrete that contains steel (rebar or welded wire fabric) for added reinforcement.
remanufactured device. A device that is disassembled, checked for wear, parts replaced or fixed, reassembled and made to operate like a new device of the same type.[1.10]
(Added 2001)
remanufactured element. An element that is disassembled, checked for wear, parts replaced or fixed, reassembled and made to operate like a new element of the same type.[1.10]
(Added 2001)
repaired device. A device to which work is performed that brings the device back into proper operating condition.[1.10]
(Added 2001)
repaired element. An element to which work is performed that brings the element back into proper operating condition. [1.10]
(Added 2001)
remote configuration capability. The ability to adjust a weighing or measuring device or change its sealable parameters from or through some other device that is not itself necessary to the operation of the weighing or measuring device or is not a permanent part of that device. [2.20, 2.21, 2.24, 3.30, 3.37, 5.56(a)]
(Added 1993)
retail device. A device used for:
1. single deliveries of less than 378 L (100 gal),
2. retail deliveries of motor fuels to individual highway vehicles, or
3. single deliveries of liquefied petroleum gas for domestic use and liquified petroleum gas or liquid anhydrous ammonia for nonresale use.
retroactive. "Retroactive" requirements are enforceable with respect to all equipment. Retroactive requirements are printed herein in upright roman type. (Also see "nonretroactive.")[1.10]
Rigid Conduit - Used to protect electrical lines above ground and in structures. Most common are rigid pipe, which uses threaded connections, or EMT , which uses slip and compression connections.
road test. A distance test, over a measured course, of a complete taximeter assembly when installed on a vehicle, the mechanism being actuated as a result of vehicle travel.[5.53, 5.54]
S
scale division, number of (n). Quotient of the capacity divided by the value of the verification scale division.[2.20]
scale division, value of (d). The value of the scale division, expressed in units of mass, is the smallest subdivision of the scale for analog indication or the difference between two consecutively indicated or printed values for digital indication or printing. (Also see "verification scale division.")[2.20, 2.22]
scale section. A part of a vehicle, axle-load, livestock, or railway track scale consisting of two main load supports, usually transverse to the direction in which the load is applied.[2.20]
scale. See specific type of scale.[2.20]
seal. See "approval seal," "security seal."[1.10]
section capacity. The section capacity of a scale is the maximum live load that may be divided equally on the load pivots or load cells of a section.[2.20]
(Added 2001)
section test. A shift test in which the test load is applied over individual sections of the scale. This test is conducted to disclose the weighing performance of individual sections, since scale capacity test loads are not always available and loads weighed are not always distributed evenly over all main load supports.[2.20]
security means. A method used to prevent access by other than qualified personnel, or to indicate that access has been made to certain parts of a scale that affect the performance of the device.[2.21]
security seal. A uniquely identifiable physical seal, such as a lead-and-wire seal or other type of locking seal, a pressure-sensitive seal sufficiently permanent to reveal its removal, or similar apparatus attached to a weighing or measuring device for protection against or indication of access to adjustment. (Also see "approval seal.")[1.10]
(Amended 1994)
semi-automatic zero-setting mechanism. Automatic means provided to attain a direct zero balance indication requiring a single initiation by an operator.[2.20]
sensitivity requirement (SR). A performance requirement for a non automatic-indicating scale; specifically, the minimum change in the position of rest of the indicating element or elements of the scale in response to the increase or decrease, by a specified amount, of the test load on the load-receiving element of the scale.[2.20]
sensitivity (of a nonautomatic-indicating scale). The value of the test load on the load-receiving element of the scale that will produce a specified minimum change in the position of rest of the indicating element or elements of the scale.[2.20]
shift test. A test intended to disclose the weighing performance of a scale under off-center loading.[2.20]
Shoring and Benching - Excavation over 5' often requires shoring, for obvious reasons. Bench excavation is an alternative. This is done by simply excavating the pit using steps. The disadvantage is that it will most likely result in double sided walls.
single cell application load cell. A load cell intended for use in a weighing system which incorporates one or more load cells. A single cell application load cell is designated with the letter "S" or the term "Single." (See also "multiple cell application load cell") [2.20]
(Added 1999)
Sizes & Measure - Rebar comes in sizes from 3/8" to 2 1/4" in diameter. It is measured in eights of an inch. Examples; 3/8" = # 3, 5/8" = # 5, 6/8" = 3/4" but is called # 6.
Slump Test - Determines the slump (or wetness) of the concrete when poured. Test cylinder is filled with concrete, and rodded as required. Cylinder is lifted and concrete is allowed to fall (slump). The amount of fall determines the slump. The amount of fall is measured from the cylinder heights to the height of the concrete. This number (in inches) becomes the slump. The lower the number is, the drier the concrete the higher the number the wetter the concrete. Example - a high slump would be an 8" = very wet, and a low slump would be a 3" = very dry.
Soil Bearing Pressure - P.S.F. Pounds per square foot. This relates to direct load bearing capabilities of the soil. Foundation plans always show the minimum soil bearing requirements for that plans design. Most scale plans are based on a soil bearing capacity of 1,500 to 3,000 P.S.F.
span (structural). The distance between adjoining sections of a scale.[2.20]
(Added 1988)
specification. A requirement usually dealing with the design, construction, or marking of a weighing or measuring device. Specifications are directed primarily to the manufacturers of devices.[1.10]
Spoils - This is excavation material or demolition material that has been stored on site. Dump fees can vary drastically. If dump fees are quoted, use caution and, research carefully.
strain-load test. The test of a scale beginning with the scale under load and applying known test weights to determine accuracy over a portion of the weighing range. The scale errors for a strain-load test are the errors observed for the known test loads only. The tolerances to be applied are based on the known test load used for each error that is determined.[2.20, 2.22]
subordinate graduation. Any graduation other than a main graduation. (Also see "graduation.")[1.10]
substitution test. A scale testing process used to quantify the weight of material or objects for use as a known test load.
(Added 2003)
substitution test load. The sum of the combination of field standard test weights and any other applied load used in the conduct of a test using substitution test methods.
(Added 2003)
T
tare-weighbeam elements. The combination of a tare bar and its fractional bar, or a tare bar alone if no fractional bar is associated with it.[2.20]
tare mechanism. A mechanism (including a tare bar) designed for determining or balancing out the weight of packaging material, containers, vehicles, or other materials that are not intended to be included in netweight determinations.[2.20]
testing. An operation consisting of a series of volumetric determinations made to verify the accuracy of the volume chart that was developed by gauging.[4.42]
Test Cylinders - These are supplied by testing labs, made of plastic, and are about 16" high and 6" in diameter with a lid. The test cylinder, or can, is filled with concrete, properly rodded and tapped, sealed with lid, and placed and put in a safe place on the job sight. After curing the lab will pick up the test cylinders and perform test breaks at seven (7) days and twenty eight (28) days.
test weight car. A railroad car designed to be a stable mass standard to test railway track scales. The test weight car may be one of the following types: a self-contained composite car, a self-propelled car, or a standard rail car.[2.20]
(Added 1991)
tolerance. A value fixing the limit of allowable error or departure from true performance or value. (See also "basic tolerances.")[1.10]
Transit & Laser - Both are used for elevations, but the laser and builders level are the most popular for job site applications.
U
underregistration. See "overregistration" and "underregistration."[1.10]
unit price. The price at which the product is being sold and expressed in whole units of measurement.[1.10, 3.30]
(Added 1992)
unit weight. One contained within the housing of an automatic-indicating scale and mechanically applied to and removed from the mechanism. The application of a unit weight will increase the range of automatic indication, normally in increments equal to the reading-face capacity.[2.20]
user requirement. A requirement dealing with the selection, installation, use, or maintenance of a weighing or measuring device. User requirements are directed primarily to the users of devices.[1.10]
V
value of minimum graduated interval. The value represented by the interval from the center of one graduation to the center of the succeeding graduation. Also, the increment between successive recorded values. (Also see "graduated interval.")[1.10]
vehicle on-board weighing system. A weighing system designed as an integral part of or attached to the frame, chassis, lifting mechanism, or bed of a vehicle, trailer, industrial truck, industrial tractor, or forklift truck.[2.20]
(Amended 1993)
vehicle scale. A scale adapted to weighing highway, farm, or other large industrial vehicles (except railroad freight cars), loaded or unloaded.[2.20]
verification scale division, value of (e). A value, expressed in units of weight (mass) and specified by the manufacturer of a device, by which the tolerance values and the accuracy class applicable to the device are determined. The verification scale division is applied to all scales, in particular to ungraduated devices since they have no graduations. The verification scale division, e, may be different from the displayed scale division, d, for certain other devices used for weight classifying or weighing in pre-determined amounts, and certain other Class I and II scales.[2.20]
Vibrators and Consolidation - Vibrators are very important on both foundation and deck pours. They insure full penetration and consolidation of concrete into tight areas, eliminate air pockets around all rebar. Proper vibration also insures smooth walls, eliminates honeycomb and rock pockets and is a great asset when cold joints are a threat.
vmin (minimum load cell verification interval). The smallest load cell verification interval, expressed in units of mass* into which the load cell measuring range can be divided.[2.20, 2.24]
[*Nonretroactive as of January 1, 2001]
(Added 1996) (Amended 1999)
W
weighbeam. An element comprising one or more bars, equipped with movable poises or means for applying counterpoise weights or both.[2.20]
weighing element. That portion of a scale that supports the load-receiving element and transmits to the indicating element a signal or force resulting from the load applied to the load-receiving element.[2.20, 2.21, 2.22]
(Added 1988)
weighment. A single complete weighing operation.[2.20, 2.21]
(Added 1986)
weight, unit. See "unit weight."[2.20]
weight classifier. A digital scale that rounds weight values up to the next scale division. These scales usually have a verification scale division, e, that is smaller than the displayed scale division.[2.20]
(Added 1987)
weight ranges. Electrical or electro-mechanical elements incorporated in an automatic indicating scale through the application of which the range of automatic indication of the scale is increased, normally in increments equal to the reading-face capacity.[2.20]
wet basis. See "moisture content (wet basis)."[5.56(a), 5.56(b)]
wheel-load weighers. Compact, self-contained, portable weighing elements specially adapted to determining the wheel loads or axle loads of vehicles on highways for the enforcement of highway weight laws only.[2.20]
WWF. - Welded Wire Fabric is sometimes used in place of rebar because it requires less labor and is available in rolls or panels. In Fairbanks scales WWF 6 X 6 - W8 X W8 is generally used. WWF refers to welded wire fabric, 6 X 6 refers to square size in inches (6"X6"), W8 X W8 refers to the gauge of wire in each direction (8 gauge X 8 gauge). WWF is smooth but is also available deformed.
Z
zero-load balance. A correct weight indication or representation of zero when there is no load on the load-receiving element. (See also "zero-load balance for an automatic-indicating scale," "zero-load balance for a nonautomatic-indicating scale," "zero-load balance for a recording scale.")[2.20]
zero-load balance, automatic-indicating scale. A condition in which the indicator is at rest at, or oscillates through approximately equal arcs on either side of, the zero graduation.[2.20]
zero-load balance, nonautomatic-indicating scale. A condition in which (a) the weighbeam is at rest at, or oscillates through approximately equal arcs above and below, the center of a trig loop; (b) the weighbeam or lever system is at rest at, or oscillates through approximately equal arcs above and below, a horizontal position or a position midway between limiting stops; or (c) the indicator of a balance indicator is at rest at, or oscillates through approximately equal arcs on either side of, the zero graduation.[2.20]
zero-load balance for a recording scale. A condition in which the scale will record a representation of zero load.[2.20]
zero-setting mechanism. Means provided to attain a zero balance indication with no load on the load-receiving element. Three types of these mechanisms are:[2.20]
manual zero-setting mechanism. Nonautomatic means provided to attain a zero balance indication by the direct operation of a control.[2.20]
semiautomatic zero-setting mechanism. Automatic means provided to attain a direct zero balance indication requiring a single initiation by an operator.[2.20]
automatic zero-setting mechanism. Automatic means provided to maintain zero balance indication without the intervention of an operator.[2.20]
zone of uncertainty. The zone between adjacent increments on a digital device in which the value of either of the adjacent increments may be displayed.[2.20]
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